Research Objective 1
To find out the meaning of Influenza A H1N1
Research Questions 1
What is the meaning of Influenza A H1N1
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Rosdi bin Zainol G76390 - Shamsul Omar bin Tajidin G76395 - Sulaiman bin Staffa G76474 - Mohd Hapizi bin Che Hassan G76356 - Vejayan a/l Sinnasamy G76400
To all of the members...I have read this article and think it would give some information to all of you....if you all need more, please surf this website...http://hldemo.ebscohost.com/Influenza/NRC?id=5000010833
ReplyDeleteInfluenza, also known as “the flu,” is a contagious respiratory disease caused by several influenza viruses included in the Orthomyxoviridae family. Influenza viruses are classified as type A, type B, or type C. Type A, the most common, infects mammals and birds and is responsible for the occurrence of recurrent annual epidemics and historic pandemics; type B may also produce seasonal outbreaks; while type C is the least common and usually causes mild respiratory illness. Influenza A viruses are further classified in subtypes depending on their surface glycoproteins Hemagglutinin (HA), and Neuraminidase (NA) (e.g., H1N1, H5N1).
Influenza viruses may mutate into different strains with minor changes (i.e., antigenic drift) or major changes (i.e., antigenic shift) in the structure of the HA, and NA glycoproteins, which function to facilitate the cellular infection. Antigenic drift in a virus occurs more commonly than antigenic shift, and is responsible for the antigenic variability of the influenza A subtypes, that make recognition by the immune system difficult. However, when a more radical change occurs (i.e., antigenic shift) a novel strain may appear, against which there is no immunity among humans, producing a pandemic (i.e., worldwide epidemic).
Influenza infection may be characterized as swine influenza, avian influenza, or human influenza, depending on the host. The virus circulates in wild birds, and may infect other birds and mammals producing the disease. Occasionally an influenza virus circulating in birds or pigs crosses the species and infects humans, producing influenza of swine or avian origin. Direct infections from avian or swine sources are infrequent and occur associated with direct contact (e.g., farm workers).
Avian influenza viruses are classified as low pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI), with several subtypes, such as the HPAI A (H5N1), that originated an epidemic in animals, spreading worldwide among birds, and with capacity to infect humans. Unlike the seasonal influenza, the infection produced by HPAI A (H5N1) virus in humans follows a rapid and aggressive course characterized by a severe disease.
Seasonal influenza occurs in epidemics every year with illness produced by non-pandemic strains (influenza A accounts for 80% and influenza B 20%), usually during the winter months (e.g., December through March), although influenza peaks can begin as early as October and extend into the month of May. The circulating subtypes of influenza A include H1N1, H1N2, and H3N3.
In April 2009, a new variant of the influenza A type H1N1 virus, originated from swine, was detected. The new strain virus is the result of a re-assortment of gene segments from one human, one avian, and two swine influenza type A viruses. The sustained transmission among humans reached the level of pandemic in June 2009.
Hope it would help....
Rosdi G76390
Influenza, Pandemic H1N1 2009
ReplyDeleteDescription/Etiology
Novel influenza type A (H1N1), or swine-origin influenza virus, now called influenza, pandemic (H1N1) 2009, is a new variant of the H1N1 influenza virus. It originated from swine and was detected in April 2009. Influenza type A viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are capable of ‘mixing’ with each other, resulting in a new variant strain of influenza. Pigs are intermediate hosts and are considered ‘mixing vessels’ in which viruses reassort with one another to develop new proteins. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus is a reassortment of gene segments from one human, one avian, and two swine influenza type A viruses with virological components of hemagglutinin 1 (H1) and neuraminidase 1 (N1), or subtype H1N1. Humans are susceptible to infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus because their immune systems are unable to recognize the newly created proteins that are expressed on the surface of the virus. Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus can occur by direct or indirect contact with infectious secretions of affected pigs and by human-to-human contact. Humans infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus may experience typical mild flu symptoms, although infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus can be severe and may even lead to death as a result of complications. Clinical experts agree that 1–4 days is the likely incubation period. Treatment involves pharmacology (e.g., antivirals, antipyretics, analgesics) for symptom management and close monitoring for complications. The neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and zanamivir (Relenza®) decrease symptom severity and reduce the risk of complications if taken within 48 hours after symptom onset (for more information, see http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/dosagetable.htm#table).
http://hldemo.ebscohost.com/Influenza/NRC?id=5000005963
I think we have to sit down and discuss this topic seriously...too many definition and too many source....which one the best????
Rosdi G76390
Latest information from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/about_disease/en/index.html
ReplyDeleteWhat is the new influenza A(H1N1)?
Updated 11 June 2009
What is the new influenza A(H1N1)?
This is a new influenza A(H1N1) virus that has never before circulated among humans. This virus is not related to previous or current human seasonal influenza viruses.
this is according through the WHO, its says that the H1N1 is more likely the seasonal flu.
ReplyDeleteWhat is 2009 H1N1 (swine flu)?
2009 H1N1 (referred to as “swine flu” early on) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in the United States in April 2009. This virus is spreading from person-to-person worldwide, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) signaled that a pandemic of 2009 H1N1 flu was underway.
regard
shamsul (G76395)
WHO also mention it, why it has been called as a SWINE FLU.
ReplyDeleteWhy is 2009 H1N1 virus sometimes called “swine flu”?
This virus was originally referred to as “swine flu” because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs (swine) in North America. But further study has shown that this new virus is very different from what normally circulates in North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and bird (avian) genes and human genes. Scientists call this a "quadruple reassortant" virus.
regard
shamsul (G76395)
Due to many definitions...I think it's better we arrange it in chronology...how do you think Mr Shamsul? But, to me, the definition from WHO is the best to take....
ReplyDeleteRegards
Rosdi G76390
i also agreed on that, for me the definition must be cleared to show the existence on what we're trying to discribe.
ReplyDeleteregard
shamsul (G76395)
I also agreed with you Mr.Rosdi...
ReplyDeleteHai gang.I try to explain what a meaning Influenza A H1N1.
ReplyDeleteA H1N1 influenza is a kind of infections disease in respiratory tract due to influenza a H1N1 virus. This influenza virus is a kind of new virus and produced of influeza virus genetics mixture pig, bird and human.
May be, all of you can get verry detail information.
Regard;
Sulaiman G76474
Sorry friends i m unable to participate at the moment, as my streamyx is out of order waiting to be repaired. Will be joining you all soon, and Selamat Hari Raya Aidil fitri. Salam 1Malaysia,
ReplyDeleteHaluuu. Mr Rosdi. You have alot of ideas. Thank you verry much.
ReplyDeleteInfluenza or flu is a contagious disease caused by the influenza virus. There are 3 types of influenza virus, namely A, B and C. All types can infect human. Influenza virus A is the most dangerous as it infects both animals and human. It can mutate to produce a new more novel influenza virus that can cause epidemic and pandemic aotbreak.
The influenza virus spread through droplets from the mouth and nose when speaking, sneezing or coughing. The virus then enters the body through the respiratory tract.
Regard
Sulaiman
Haloo, my friends. How are you ? How about our blog?
ReplyDeleteMeaning H1N1 from web site :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H1N1
Influenza A (H1N1) virus is a subtype of influenzavirus A and the most common cause of influenza (flu) in humans. Some strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and cause a small fraction of all influenza-like illness and a large fraction of all seasonal influenza. H1N1 strains caused roughly half of all human flu infections in 2006. In the week of September 20 to 27, H1N1 killed 3000 in the US.[1] Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs (swine influenza) and in birds (avian influenza).
Regard:
G76474 Sulaiman
I think all of us already know the definition of Influenza A H1N1 and now we have too focus which one is the best to choose...too many definition sometimes confusing us....
ReplyDeleteI think we should use the definition from the authorise...like WHO, CDC or our MOH....may be this definition is almost the same...
ReplyDeleteI agree that when too many definition will make us confius and difficult too understand....
From the comments above..I think we should choose and put it in our slide presentation...
Hope our group will be the best presenter...